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THE THREAT Beginning in early September 2024, eSentire observed an increase in the number of incidents involving Lumma Stealer malware; this activity has remained common leading into…
Oct 02, 2024THE THREATA recently disclosed vulnerability impacting Zimbra mail servers is being actively exploited by attacker(s). On September 27th, Zimbra publicly disclosed CVE-2024-45519, a…
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In TRU Positives, eSentire’s Threat Response Unit (TRU) provides a summary of a recent threat investigation. We outline how we responded to the confirmed threat and what recommendations we have going forward.
Here’s the latest from our TRU Team…
In August 2024, eSentire's Threat Response Unit (TRU) observed Go Injector leading to the attempted execution of Lumma Stealer.
Lumma Stealer (aka LummaC2 Stealer) is an information stealing malware developed in the C programming language. It has been operating as Malware-as-a-Service (MaaS) in Russian-speaking forums since August 2022. Lumma Stealer targets cryptocurrency wallets, 2FA browser extensions, and other sensitive data on victims' devices.
The infection chain began with the user navigating to a malicious website that displayed a fake captcha page. The page copies a Base64 encoded PowerShell command (Figure 1) to the users’ clipboard and provides instructions to execute it using the Windows Run keyboard shortcut as part of a “Verification Step” (Figure 2).
The file retrieved, as seen in the decoded PowerShell command from Figure 2, is named smart1. The smart1 file is a PE, Dialer.exe (Figure 3), which is used to masquerade as a legitimate application. By executing Dialer.exe with MSHTA all the non-HTML/script data is ignored, only executing the embedded script content within. The embedded script content can be observed when opening the smart1 file in a text editor.
When investigating the domain which served the smart1 file, we were able to identify an additional four files numbering from smart1 to smart5 which are likely used to deliver varying payloads.
Through decoding the HTA payload found within, VBScript code can be identified (Figure 4)
When decoding the VBScript code, an encoded PowerShell command is present. By beautifying the PowerShell command, code responsible for retrieving the archive file ‘smart1.zip’ to the Temp directory, extracting the contents and executing them, can be identified (Figure 5).
The contents of the ‘smart1.zip’ archive are mainly legitimate DLL files; however, the executable file present is Go Injector (0klevgrand.exe), a malware injection program written in the Go programming language (Figure 6).
Upon examining the 0klevgrand.exe executable, we can find references to the Go build ID and Inno Setup (Figure 7). The Inno Setup portion is a part of its manifest file which may have been placed to masquerade as an Inno setup utility.
When 0klevgrand.exe is executed, a few key steps are performed, including basic initial host data collection where the malware identifies the hostname, username, and temporary and public directories. Go Injector will then copy the encrypted PE data of size 0x4E000 to the allocated region of memory from its .rdata section (Figure 8). It then calls VirtualAlloc again to allocate another region of memory where the same encrypted PE data is copied over.
The Go Injector uses a 3-step injection process comprising of CreateProcess to create a BitLockerToGo.exe process in suspended mode, WriteProcessMemory to write the contents of the Lumma Stealer module in memory of the BitLockerToGo.exe process and ResumeThread to resume the execution of the BitLockerToGo.exe process which now has overwritten Lumma Stealer content (Figure 9).
The decrypted PE data of the Lumma Stealer module is shown below (MD5: E372BBE59DC7DA4FDAB393DA71404848) (Figure 10).
After copying over the PE data, Go Injector then allocates 0x4E000 bytes of memory to decrypt the final PE data of the payload using AES GCM decryption (Figure 11).
On viewing the decrypted PE data using a disassembler, we see base64 like strings which are typical of Lumma Stealer (Figure 12).
Using our previous Lumma Decryptor with the new base64 like strings, we get the domains for the new samples.
The delivery method and the first stage injector indicate a possible Pay-Per-Install (PPI) service. During the investigation, the Threat Intelligence team was able to identify an almost identical execution of Go Injector on a public Joesandbox analysis report. In that incident the final payload appears to be another known malware dubbed StealC instead of Lumma Stealer (Figures 14 – 15).
Our 24/7 SOC Cyber Analysts investigated the suspicious activities, notified the client, and isolated the affected device.
You can access the indicators of compromise here.
The eSentire Threat Response Unit (TRU) is an industry-leading threat research team committed to helping your organization become more resilient. TRU is an elite team of threat hunters and researchers that supports our 24/7 Security Operations Centers (SOCs), builds threat detection models across the eSentire XDR Cloud Platform, and works as an extension of your security team to continuously improve our Managed Detection and Response service. By providing complete visibility across your attack surface and performing global threat sweeps and proactive hypothesis-driven threat hunts augmented by original threat research, we are laser-focused on defending your organization against known and unknown threats.