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In July 2023, we received multiple alerts from BlueSteel, our machine-learning powered PowerShell classifier, on the execution of malicious PowerShell commands. Our Incident Handling Team identified ScreenConnect activity, which created numerous malicious files under the ProgramData folder.
The ScreenConnect client was downloaded from a compromised Teachflix website (the website hosts educational videos for the classroom).
Upon visiting one of the pages, the user would get an error pop-up instructing them to download and launch the binary “teachflix.exe” to be able to browse through the website.
The error icon and ScreenConnect binary are located under /.well-known directory of the compromised webpage, as shown in Figure 3.
The threat actor(s) executed the 02.bat script via the ScreenConnect session. The batch script is responsible for launching the malicious PowerShell command.
Unfortunately, we were not able to retrieve the 02.bat script. We cleaned up the command (Figure 5), and we can see that it retrieves the file “Coinfg.SVG” from the server after the string replacements.
The payload was hosted on a Plesk-controlled website and was uploaded to the server on July 12th. After performing an open source search, we were able to identify this as the WSO PHP webshell, which is available on GitHub. Our Threat Response Unit (TRU) discovered over 20 websites impacted, including the ones that were at some point infected with the webshell and delivering ScreenConnect. The binaries were also located at /.well-known directory.
Based on the naming conventions and infection patterns, we assess with high confidence that the same threat actor is behind Operation PhantomControl.
The SVG file is a PowerShell script that performs the following actions:
Each file created under ProgramData does:
TRU was able to extract the configuration of the AsyncRAT (you can find the configuration extractor here):
InstallFolder: %AppData% InstallFile: Delay: 3 Hwid: null Ports: 7707 Hosts: 3llah23.run[.]place Version: | Edit 3LOSH RAT Install: false Key: Rlc2WlZTZktzenBUZjlxY3FuSERObFU3YTlKT1NWM2o= MTX: AsyncMutex_pp5533 Certificate: 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 ServerSignature: 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 Anti: false offlineKL: true clipper: null btc: false eth: July23
TRU also observed two other attempts to retrieve the payload via ScreenConnect session after executing the 01.bat script. One of the payloads was located at 212.11.196[.]183/~sytimes/C0nfig.jpg. However, at the time of this reporting, the host is down.
Another payload was retrieved via the “runing.exe” binary. We were not able to retrieve the binary as it was removed. However, through open-source analysis, we assess with medium confidence that the binary is an AutoHotKey loader that is used to retrieve the secondary payload (in our case, the payload is located at hxxp://moealalah.za[.]com/moealalah.jpg, which is no longer available). We were able to retrieve similar files from VirusTotal:
The configurations extracted from both payloads:
InstallFolder: %AppData% InstallFile: Delay: 3 Hwid: null Ports: 6606,7707,8808 Hosts: exos.mywire[.]org,esxo.ddnsfree[.]com Version: | Edit 3LOSH RAT Install: false Key: RlJwM3pUdnZaREZmWGdxRWZ1dWxrdEZKWW5ZQnVWbm8= MTX: AsyncMutex_x Certificate: 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 ServerSignature: 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 Anti: false offlineKL: true clipper: null btc: false eth: Default
InstallFolder: %AppData% InstallFile: Delay: 3 Hwid: null Ports: 8808,5010 Hosts: r0nj.ooguy[.]com Version: | Edit 3LOSH RAT Install: false Key: Y3hNMmN0YU9odDlldE9kenhtQ3d1RkwxZXpMNkZMWEY= MTX: AsyncMutex_6SI8OkPnk Certificate: 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 ServerSignature: 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 Anti: false offlineKL: false clipper: null btc: false eth: GRACE
The threat actor generated the ScreenConnect client using ClickOnceRun option which then, upon user execution, downloads the client from the attacker’s controlled ScreenConnect panel. In the case we observed, the attacker’s ScreenConnect instance was engineer53.screenconnect[.]com
. Upon launching the client, the attacker gained full remote control on the victim’s machine.
Name |
Indicator |
AsyncRAT |
37950f1c490168d8c52bde11799fa40b |
AsyncRAT |
addfb71ffe786565f2e156fb5bb45f42 |
AsyncRAT |
bf96552cf18eb495d06ec007cef18831 |
AsyncRAT C2 |
exos.mywire[.]org |
AsyncRAT C2 |
esxo.ddnsfree[.]com |
AsyncRAT C2 |
3llah23.run[.]place |
AsyncRAT C2 |
r0nj.ooguy[.]com |
Coinfg.SVG |
fa176901cd6018b7a9516f3287fc5b75 |
HAZLOPTVICXEAQ.vbs |
d8b8486e376519aa4bfe152b7137df33 |
1.bat |
c6c8b7cd095bf71cb47604b0b3d7e4b6 |
HAZLOPTVICXEAQ.ps1 |
aa8a3ab5b73600904dd73664d338e27b |
cgihvzm.ps1 |
5093aa07dcead8ec112fe9ff80fc6499 |
teachflix.exe |
0716fa674efaed96bfe3cd96f991ccb3 |
Attacker’s ConnectWise instance |
engineer53.screenconnect[.]com |
Potential C2 for webshell |
45.94.211[.]123 |
Our industry-renowned Threat Response Unit (TRU) is an elite team of threat hunters and researchers, that supports our 24/7 Security Operations Centers (SOCs), builds detection models across our Atlas XDR Cloud Platform, and works as an extension of your security team to continuously improve our Managed Detection and Response service. TRU has been recognized for its threat hunting, original research and content development capabilities. TRU is strategically organized into cross-functional groups to protect you against advanced and emerging threats, allowing your organization to gain leading threat intelligence and incredible cybersecurity acumen.