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THE THREAT On November 18th, 2024, Palo Alto disclosed a critical actively exploited authentication bypass zero-day vulnerability impacting Palo Alto Networks PAN-OS. The…
Nov 13, 2024THE THREAT Update: eSentire has observed multiple exploitation attempts targeting CVE-2024-8069. In real-world attacks, threat actors successfully achieved RCE and attempted to…
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Adversaries don’t work 9-5 and neither do we. At eSentire, our 24/7 SOCs are staffed with Elite Threat Hunters and Cyber Analysts who hunt, investigate, contain and respond to threats within minutes.
We have discovered some of the most dangerous threats and nation state attacks in our space – including the Kaseya MSP breach and the more_eggs malware.
Our Security Operations Centers are supported with Threat Intelligence, Tactical Threat Response and Advanced Threat Analytics driven by our Threat Response Unit – the TRU team.
In TRU Positives, eSentire’s Threat Response Unit (TRU) provides a summary of a recent threat investigation. We outline how we responded to the confirmed threat and what recommendations we have going forward.
Here’s the latest from our TRU Team…
In January 2024, our 24/7 SOC Cyber Analysts identified a suspicious ZIP archive is named “IMG_Mia_khlifa” (MD5: 63ad6131e2563a707353b4a9bdb0aa8b). The ZIP archive contains the AnyDesk executable and VBS file named “winrm.vbs” (MD5: 7a533f45f8b30d8bbdfd589fe06c48c2).
Upon further investigation, our SOC has determined that the ZIP archive was delivered via the Discord CDN link. The “winrm.vbs” file executes another VBS file hosted on paste[.]ee, as shown in Figure 1.
The retrieved VBS file from paste[.]ee contains the binary that is presented in the reversed hexadecimal order and string replacement obfuscations.
The binary was identified as DcRat (MD5: bac8861baa346f0ce06c87c33284d478). It’s worth noting that in June 2023, the eSentire Threat Response Unit (TRU) already reported on threat actors using adult content to deliver DcRat.
DcRat’s encrypted configuration is shown in Figure 2:
DcRat supports the dynamic loading and execution of plugins, specifically SendFile in our example. The plugin can remotely retrieve and execute the files on the infected machine. The code shown in Figure 3 checks the type of packet received by examining the value associated with the key "Pac_ket" in the deserialized data.
It handles different packet types based on their content. If the packet type is "Po_ng", it performs no further actions and exits the method. If the packet type is "plu_gin", it checks if a plugin is already registered in the system's registry, and if not, it adds this message pack to a list for later processing and sends a request back to the server to send the plugin data.
If the packet type is "save_Plugin", it appears to save the plugin data to the registry for later use.
If a plugin is already registered (i.e., its value is found in the registry), the ClientSocket.Invoke method is called with the current msgPack as an argument.
The plugin is GZIP-compressed and stored in the registry.
You can access the configuration extractor script for DcRat here.
Extracted configuration for DcRat:
Ports: b'6262' Hos_ts: b'141.95.84[.]40' Ver_sion: b' 1.0.7' In_stall: b'false' MTX: b'akASASSAS3' Certifi_cate: b'MIICMTCCAZqgAwIBAgIVAK0bc2EIdL2NlNruWBB+3sQxDt3nMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBDQUAMGUxFjAUBgNVBAMMDWFqa3djYWp3a2Fhd2MxEzARBgNVBAsMCnF3cWRhbmNodW4xHDAaBgNVBAoME0RjUmF0IEJ5IHF3cWRhbmNodW4xCzAJBgNVBAcMAlNIMQswCQYDVQQGEwJDTjAeFw0yMTExMTEwODA4MTRaFw0zMjA4MjAwODA4MTRaMBAxDjAMBgNVBAMMBURjUmF0MIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4GNADCBiQKBgQC9Bl780mtAcACd1/CjXmhO8J3GFnuXhOgRMtYnNfF/TJKVHOC4hVGDtnM0hJWNNdOwiomtD7Zf00NNRYdkGiJHe5LTy6yGn3aEM8UwwIzBE91o6GwWHsYh4jydX1gfj8HJ2K3HFWQeiAucIsriHfDQOH5+Pg286+LrjKnRVPoLvQIDAQABozIwMDAdBgNVHQ4EFgQULbEAkxaBNMjQx2vfTniENRaLyp4wDwYDVR0TAQH/BAUwAwEB/zANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQ0FAAOBgQAAROaXc2vqwgK4JHOyKqd9UHLDDNMl4xxEr1XrnuIz6ahY0G6QbLJtj0bEI4Xe+L+HzK0qDqT6kELUqUq1/22HiQ9kuU5pYE/GV3WyUrt3OOjamKpuUEgE/r8x5w1nkKnQ4EgMJF46SqoYTj+c/VL/WZF+VGjorLim94vujaq1OQ==' Server_signa_ture: b'KdFH4/mCegQvdI/Okzt1U9yQ9Mv/DWBp6S9zuNtmtzqUUVtvK7SKafNCik+SHWpAIe+a0OA59w97j2xqBWaXDxlM7FNPhS+Z0FdXZXtwVCQq5Z5fLp3HFGPO+CsLi4Hcu027gLOFCtibKcCB2V7oumiAQqRjD42WLYDzeG/TJYo=' Paste_bin: b'null' BS_OD: b'false' Group: b'8=======================================))--' Anti_Process: b'false' An_ti: b'false'
The final payload retrieved via the plugin is a VBS file named “aw.vbs” (MD5: cb878d728a452beb1af862903c49bbea). The file contains two binaries:
The VBS file also allocates and manipulates memory for shellcode within a system's virtual space, primarily utilizing the dynwrapx.dll library. This library facilitates the invocation of Windows API functions from system DLLs within JavaScript or VBScript code.
The shellcode is responsible for process injection and uses ROT13 for API hashing (Figure 4).
Eventually, RemcosRAT gets injected into winhlp32.exe process.
RemcosRAT configuration is shown in Figure 5. You can access the script to extract the configuration for RemcosRAT here.
Our team of 24/7 SOC Cyber Analysts isolated the system and performed additional investigation before alerting the customer.
eSentire TRU is a world-class team of threat researchers who develop new detections enriched by original threat intelligence and leverage new machine learning models that correlate multi-signal data and automate rapid response to advanced threats.
To learn what it means to have an elite team of Threat Hunters and researchers that works for you, connect with an eSentire Security Specialist now.
You can access indicators of compromise here.
The eSentire Threat Response Unit (TRU) is an industry-leading threat research team committed to helping your organization become more resilient. TRU is an elite team of threat hunters and researchers that supports our 24/7 Security Operations Centers (SOCs), builds threat detection models across the eSentire XDR Cloud Platform, and works as an extension of your security team to continuously improve our Managed Detection and Response service. By providing complete visibility across your attack surface and performing global threat sweeps and proactive hypothesis-driven threat hunts augmented by original threat research, we are laser-focused on defending your organization against known and unknown threats.