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On September 29th, 2022, GTSC disclosed two new vulnerabilities impacting Microsoft Exchange Servers. The vulnerabilities are tracked as CVE-2022-41040 (CVSS:8.8) and CVE-2022-41082 (CVSS:6.3).
CVE-2022-41082 allows Remote Code Execution (RCE) when PowerShell is accessible to the attacker. CVE-2022-41040 is a Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) vulnerability. Microsoft has confirmed that authenticated access to the vulnerable Exchange server is required to exploit both vulnerabilities. The vulnerabilities impact Microsoft Exchange Server versions 2013, 2016, and 2019.
Exploitation of CVE-2022-41040 and CVE-2022-41082 have been identified in the wild. Organizations are strongly recommended to apply the relevant mitigations provided by Microsoft. Once security patches are released, they should be applied as soon as possible.
In these attacks, CVE-2022-41040 can enable an authenticated attacker to trigger CVE-2022-41082 remotely. It should be noted that authenticated access to the vulnerable Exchange Server is necessary to successfully exploit either of the two vulnerabilities. This is the same pair of exploits seen previously in the ProxyShell vulnerabilities. There is no known impact on Exchange functionality if the URL Rewrite module is installed as recommended.
Researchers have dubbed these exploits ProxyNotShell, as it is the same path and SSRF/RCE pair required to exploit ProxyShell, with the additional requirement of authentication. GTSC’S Red team successfully used the above path to access a component in the Exchange backend and perform RCE. However, GTSC has not released technical details of the vulnerability yet.
GTSC has seen customers experiencing a similar attack leading to webshell through Exchange services. Microsoft also verified limited targeted attacks using the two vulnerabilities. The impact has led to webshell installations aiming to exfiltrate information. There is no concrete attribution at this time, however, Tactics Techniques and Procedures (TTPs), such as the use of China Chopper webshell, align with Chinese-based threat actors.
While Proof-of-Concept (PoC) exploit code is not currently available, the eSentire Threat Intelligence team asses with high confidence that the release of PoC code will result in an increase in real-world attacks against Exchange servers by multiple threat actor groups.
[1] https://www.gteltsc.vn/blog/warning-new-attack-campaign-utilized-a-new-0day-rce-vulnerability-on-microsoft-exchange-server-12715.html
[2] https://www.helpnetsecurity.com/2022/09/30/cve-2022-41040-cve-2022-41082/
[3] https://doublepulsar.com/proxynotshell-the-story-of-the-claimed-zero-day-in-microsoft-exchange-5c63d963a9e9?gi=98d52c1539ea
[4] https://msrc-blog.microsoft.com/2022/09/29/customer-guidance-for-reported-zero-day-vulnerabilities-in-microsoft-exchange-server/
[5] https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2022-41082
[6] https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2022-41040
[7] https://www.esentire.com/blog/proxyshell-microsoft-exchange-vulnerabilities-exploited